Oral pathology: what it is and who deals with it
What is oral pathology and what is the role of the pathologist?
Oral health is a key element in the overall well-being of patients. In the field of dentistry, oral pathology is an essential branch that deals with the diagnosis, management and study of diseases of the oral cavity and related structures. A thorough understanding of this field is essential, as many systemic conditions can manifest themselves with oral signs and symptoms.

But what exactly is meant by oral pathology? Who is and what does an oral pathologist do? In this article, we will explore these concepts in detail to provide a comprehensive and informative guide.

Summary

Oral pathology: What is it?

When we talk about oral pathology we are referring to the study of diseases affecting the oral cavityjaw and related structures such as salivary glands and mucous membranes.
This discipline focuses on the identification, analysis and treatment of different conditions and diseases that can range from common infections and inflammations, such as stomatitis and mycoses, to more complex conditions, such as autoimmune diseases (Lichen, Lupus and aphthosis) and neoplastic diseases (benign and malignant lesions) affecting oral tissues.

Types of oral pathology

The diseases that can occur in the oral cavity are varied and understanding the different types of pathology is essential, as it enables early recognition of symptoms and directs patients to the most appropriate treatment.
  • Benign lesionsinclude cysts, granulomas and fibromas. Although non-cancerous, they require precise diagnosis to avoid complications.
  • Malignant lesions: include various types of oral cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma. Early diagnosis is crucial to improve the patient's prognosis..
  • Viral and bacterial infections: oral herpes, candidiasis and bacterial infections cause significant symptoms and require specific treatment.
  • Salivary gland diseases: salivary gland diseases, such as scialoadenitis, may also be involved in the diagnosis and management of diseases.
  • Canker soresthese are small, annoying but generally harmless ulcers that tend to disappear spontaneously within 3-7 days.
  • Inflammatory diseases: conditions such as gingivitis and periodontitis that, if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss and other systemic complications.
  • Autoimmune and genetic disorders: the most common are the autoimmune disease Lichen Planus, which causes white lesions on the oral mucosa, and Sjögren's syndrome, which affects the salivary glands, causing oral dryness.

Who is the oral pathologist?

The oral pathologist is a highly qualified medical specialist who deals with the diagnosis and management of diseasese affecting the mouth and adjacent structures, such as the head and neck. This professional plays an essential role in the dental team, contributing to the overall health of the patient through accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of pathological conditions that may affect the oral cavity.
 

The main functions of the oral pathologist

  • Diagnosis of oral lesions
The oral pathologist examines lesions and abnormalities of the oral cavity using a combination of clinical examinations, biopsies and laboratory tests.
  • Multidisciplinary consultation and collaboration
Often, the oral pathologist works closely with other specialists, such as oncologists, maxillofacial surgeons, dermatologists and radiologists, to provide integrated management of complex oral conditions.
  • Disease treatment and management
Once a disease is diagnosed, the oral pathologist develops a customised treatment plan, which may include surgery, drug therapies or other treatment modalities.

The importance of oral pathology in dental practice

An in-depth knowledge of oral pathology is essential to recognise early signs of serious disease and direct patients to appropriate specialist care.
Collaboration with an oral pathologist can significantly improve clinical outcomesensuring effective management of oral conditions and contributing to the prevention of potentially serious complications.

In conclusion

Oral pathology and the role of the oral pathologist are fundamental aspects of modern dental practice that help dentists provide high-quality care and maintain patients' oral health in optimal condition. In an ever-changing field, collaboration between different specialists and constant updating of knowledge are key to successfully meeting clinical challenges.

Stay up to date: keep following BioService so you don't miss the next article on oral pathologies!

Se would like to thank Dr Massimo Manzo and Dr Massimo Angelucci for their valuable contribution in the realisation of this in-depth study.

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